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Oracle 12c 基于ASM 的單實例搭建手冊

來源：程序員人生發布時間：2014-12-12 08:27:51 閱讀次數：4274次

從Oracle 10g開始，Oracle 開始推行ASM的使用，到了11g，RAC 集群已必須使用ASM，所以對ASM的掌握程度也決定RAC的運維水平，這篇Blog 演示 Oracle12c 基于ASM 的單實例的的環境搭建。

這樣便可以玩12c 的ASM，又不需要起2個集群，從而方便學習。具體環境搭建步驟以下。

1 安裝需要的RPM 包

binutils⑵.20.51.0.2⑸.11.el6 (x86_64)

glibc⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (x86_64)

libgcc⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

libstdc++⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (x86_64)

libXext⑴.1 (x86_64)

libXtst⑴.0.99.2 (x86_64)

libX11⑴.3 (x86_64)

libXau⑴.0.5 (x86_64)

libxcb⑴.5 (x86_64)

libXi⑴.3 (x86_64)

make⑶.81⑴9.el6

sysstat⑼.0.4⑴1.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libcap1⑴.10⑴ (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++⑶3⑶.2.3⑹9.el6 (x86_64)

gcc⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

gcc-c++⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

glibc-devel⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (x86_64)

ksh <== 任何版本的 ksh 都可以。

libstdc++-devel⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (x86_64)

libaio-devel-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (x86_64)

compat-libstdc++⑶3⑶.2.3⑹9.el6 (i686)

glibc⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (i686)

glibc-devel⑵.12⑴.7.el6 (i686)

libgcc⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (i686)

libstdc++⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (i686)

libstdc++-devel⑷.4.4⑴3.el6 (i686)

libaio-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (i686)

libaio-devel-0.3.107⑴0.el6 (i686)

libXext⑴.1 (i686)

libXtst⑴.0.99.2 (i686)

libX11⑴.3 (i686)

libXau⑴.0.5 (i686)

libxcb⑴.5 (i686)

libXi⑴.3 (i686)

2 創建ASM disk 并用UDEV 綁定

創建6個3G 的disk，這個直接使用VirtualBox命令來創建。創建之前需要先關閉虛擬機。

用以下腳本獲得綁定腳本：

for i in b c d e f g;

echo"KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi",PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/$name", RESULT=="`/sbin/scsi_id -g -u/dev/sd$i`", NAME="12casm-disk$i", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660""

done

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB626d9087⑻bf68e7e",NAME="12casm-diskb", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBf5a8c435⑴9b9adf9",NAME="12casm-diskc", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB13895f62⑶18c2cb4",NAME="12casm-diskd", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB5049991a⑺41b6a85",NAME="12casm-diske", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VB6ad43135-cac8a708",NAME="12casm-diskf", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

KERNEL=="sd*",BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u /dev/$name",RESULT=="1ATA_VBOX_HARDDISK_VBe6fb6130⑵a921dde",NAME="12casm-diskg", OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

將產生的結果添加到/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules文件。

--重啟udev：

[root@12cAsm dave]# start_udev

Starting udev: [ OK ]

[root@12cAsm dave]#

--查看裝備：

[root@12cAsm dave]# ll /dev/12casm*

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 Nov 2900:35 /dev/12casm-diskb

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Nov 2900:35 /dev/12casm-diskc

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Nov 2900:35 /dev/12casm-diskd

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Nov 2900:35 /dev/12casm-diske

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Nov 2900:35 /dev/12casm-diskf

brw-rw----. 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 Nov 2900:35 /dev/12casm-diskg

[root@12cAsm dave]#

至此配置結束，在ASM的配置中，ASM_DISKSTRING參數指向'/dev/asm-disk*'就能夠了。

3 禁用防火墻和SELNUX

關閉防火墻：

service iptables status

service iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

chkconfig iptables --list

設置/etc/selinux/config 文件，將SELINUX設置為disabled。

4 創建目錄結構

mkdir -p /u01/grid

mkdir -p /u01/app/grid/12.1.0

chown -R grid:oinstall /u01

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/12.1.0/db_1

chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle

chmod -R 775 /u01

5 添加組和用戶并設置環境變量

groupadd -g 1000 oinstall

groupadd -g 1200 asmadmin

groupadd -g 1201 asmdba

groupadd -g 1202 asmoper

groupadd -g 1300 dba

groupadd -g 1301 oper

useradd -m -u 1100 -g oinstall -Gasmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba -d /home/grid -s /bin/bash grid

useradd -m -u 1101 -g oinstall -Gdba,oper,asmdba -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle

確認用戶信息：

[root@rac1 ~]# id oracle

uid=502(oracle) gid=507(oinstall)groups=507(oinstall),502(dba),503(oper),506(asmdba)

[root@rac1 ~]# id grid

uid=1100(grid) gid=507(oinstall)groups=507(oinstall),504(asmadmin),506(asmdba),505(asmoper)

修改密碼：

passwd oracle

passwd grid

配置環境變量

--Grid用戶

修改grid用戶的.bash_profile.注意每一個節點的不同內容：

export ORACLE_SID=+ASM

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/grid

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/12.1.0

exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:/usr/local/bin/:.

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

--Oracle 用戶

修改oracle 用戶的.bash_profile,注意每一個節點的不同內容：

ORACLE_SID=dave;export ORACLE_SID

ORACLE_UNQNAME=dave;export ORACLE_UNQNAME

JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/java; export JAVA_HOME

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/12.1.0/db_1; exportORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM

NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY:MM:DD HH24:MI:SS";export NLS_DATE_FORMAT

NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16GBK; exportNLS_LANG

TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin; exportTNS_ADMIN

ORA_NLS11=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data; export ORA_NLS11

PATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin

PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin

export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib

export CLASSPATH

THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG

export TEMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=/tmp

umask 022

6 為安裝用戶設置資源限制

6.1 修改/etc/security/limits.conf

以 root 用戶身份，在節點上，在 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件中添加以下內容，或履行履行以下命令：

[root@12cAsm dave]# cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf <<EOF

> grid soft nproc 2047

> grid hard nproc 16384

> grid soft nofile 1024

> grid hard nofile 65536

> oracle soft nproc 2047

> oracle hard nproc 16384

> oracle soft nofile 1024

> oracle hard nofile 65536

> EOF

[root@12cAsm dave]#

6.2 修改/etc/pam.d/login

[root@12cAsmdave]# cat >> /etc/pam.d/login <<EOF

>session required pam_limits.so

> EOF

[root@12cAsmdave]#

6.3 shell 的限制

對默許的 shell 啟動文件進行以下更改，以便更改所有 Oracle 安裝所有者的 ulimit 設置：

[root@12cAsm dave]# cat >>/etc/profile <<EOF

> if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] ||[ /$USER = "grid" ]; then

> if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

> ulimit -p 16384

> ulimit -n 65536

> else

> ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

> fi

> umask 022

> fi

> EOF

[root@12cAsm dave]#

7 修改內核參數/etc/sysctl.conf

在sysctl.conf 中加入以下內容：

kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

kernel.panic_on_oops = 30

8 安裝Clusterware

安裝之前要確認/etc/hosts 配置：

[root@12cAsm dave]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost 12cAsm

不然會報錯。

已grid 用戶運行安裝程序： runInstaller

…

其他都是下1步的操作。這里不截圖了。

履行最后會讓我們運行1個root.sh 腳本。

[root@12cAsm /]#/u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

Changing permissions of /u01/oraInventory.

Adding read,write permissions for group.

Removing read,write,execute permissions forworld.

Changing groupname of /u01/oraInventory tooinstall.

The execution of the script is complete.

[root@12cAsm /]#

[root@12cAsm /]#/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/root.sh

Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are setas:

ORACLE_OWNER= grid

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/grid/12.0.1

Enter the full pathname of the local bindirectory: [/usr/local/bin]:

Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratabfile as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when adatabase is created

Finished running generic part of rootscript.

Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.

To configure GridInfrastructure for a Stand-Alone Server run the following command as the rootuser:

/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/perl/bin/perl-I/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/perl/lib -I/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/install/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/install/roothas.pl

To configure GridInfrastructure for a Cluster execute the following command as grid user:

/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/config/config.sh

This command launches the GridInfrastructure Configuration Wizard. The wizard also supports silent operation,and the parameters can be passed through the response file that is available inthe installation media.

[root@12cAsm /]#

我們這里是單節點的ASM，所以履行以下SQL:

/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/perl/bin/perl-I/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/perl/lib -I/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/install/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/install/roothas.pl

[root@12cAsm /]#/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/perl/bin/perl -I/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/perl/lib-I/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/install /u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/install/roothas.pl

Using configuration parameter file:/u01/app/grid/12.0.1/crs/install/crsconfig_params

LOCAL ADD MODE

Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp'oinstall'..

Operation successful.

LOCAL ONLY MODE

Successfully accumulated necessary OCRkeys.

Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp'root'..

Operation successful.

CRS⑷664: Node 12casm successfully pinned.

2014/11/29 02:16:15 CLSRSC⑶30: AddingClusterware entries to file 'oracle-ohasd.conf'

12casm 2014/11/29 02:17:09 /u01/app/grid/12.0.1/cdata/12casm/backup_20141129_021709.olr 0

CRS⑵791: Starting shutdown of Oracle HighAvailability Services-managed resources on '12casm'

CRS⑵673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on'12casm'

CRS⑵677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on '12casm'succeeded

CRS⑵793: Shutdown of Oracle HighAvailability Services-managed resources on '12casm' has completed

CRS⑷133: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been stopped.

CRS⑷123: Oracle High Availability Serviceshas been started.

2014/11/29 02:19:52CLSRSC⑶27: Successfully configured Oracle Restart for a standalone server

[root@12cAsm /]#

--檢查：

[root@12cAsm /]# ocrcheck

Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is asfollows :

Version : 4

Total space (kbytes) : 409568

Used space (kbytes) : 200

Available space (kbytes) : 409368

ID : 1150490114

Device/File Name : /u01/app/grid/12.0.1/cdata/localhost/local.ocr

Device/Fileintegrity check succeeded

Device/Filenot configured

Device/File not configured

Device/Filenot configured

Cluster registry integrity check succeeded

Logical corruption check succeeded

[root@12cAsm /]#

[root@12cAsm /]# crsctl status res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name Target State Server Statedetails

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.ons

OFFLINE OFFLINE 12casm STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE

ora.diskmon

1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE

ora.evmd

1 ONLINE ONLINE 12casm STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[root@12cAsm /]#

9 安裝Oracle 軟件

以Oracle 用戶履行安裝程序。

注意，選擇只安裝數據庫軟件。

然后都是下1步的操作。

履行腳本：

[root@12cAsm /]#/u01/app/oracle/12.0.1/db_1/root.sh

Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are setas:

ORACLE_OWNER= oracle

ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/12.0.1/db_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bindirectory: [/usr/local/bin]:

The contents of "dbhome" have notchanged. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "oraenv" have notchanged. No need to overwrite.

The contents of "coraenv" havenot changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratabfile as needed by

Database Configuration Assistant when adatabase is created

Finished running generic part of rootscript.

Now product-specific root actions will beperformed.

[root@12cAsm /]#

10 創建ASM DISK GROUPS

使用grid用戶履行asmca，創建磁盤組Data。

ASM disk group 弄定。

檢查ASM DISK GROUPS的情況：

[grid@12cAsm bin]$ crsctl status res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name Target State Server Statedetails

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.DATA.dg

ONLINE ONLINE 12casm STABLE

ora.asm

ONLINE ONLINE 12casm Started,STABLE

ora.ons

OFFLINE OFFLINE 12casm STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

1 ONLINE ONLINE 12casm STABLE

ora.diskmon

1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE

ora.evmd

1 ONLINE ONLINE 12casm STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[grid@12cAsm bin]$

11 創建基于ASM 的數據庫實例

已oracle 用戶運行dbca，創建實例。

12 驗證

[grid@12cAsm bin]$ crsctl status res -t

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Name Target State Server Statedetails

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Local Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.DATA.dg

ONLINE ONLINE 12casm STABLE

ora.asm

ONLINE ONLINE 12casm Started,STABLE

ora.ons

OFFLINE OFFLINE 12casm STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Cluster Resources

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ora.cssd

1 ONLINE ONLINE 12casm STABLE

ora.dave.db

1 ONLINE ONLINE 12casm Open,STABLE

ora.diskmon

1 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE

ora.evmd

1 ONLINE ONLINE 12casm STABLE

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[grid@12cAsm bin]$

[oracle@12cAsm ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.2.0 Production onSat Nov 29 15:09:37 2014

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise EditionRelease 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Automatic StorageManagement, OLAP, Advanced Analytics

and Real Application Testing options

SQL> set lin 140

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER CON_ID

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OracleDatabase 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit Production 0

PL/SQLRelease 12.1.0.2.0 - Production 0

CORE 12.1.0.2.0 Production 0

TNSfor Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production 0

NLSRTLVersion 12.1.0.2.0 - Production 0

SQL> show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL> col pdb_name for a20

SQL> select PDB_NAME,CON_UID,pdb_id,status from dba_pdbs;

PDB_NAME CON_UID PDB_ID STATUS

-------------------- ---------- -------------------

PDAVE 1778789142 3 NORMAL

PDB$SEED 1845119286 2 NORMAL

SQL> select con_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfrom v$pdbs;

CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE

---------- ---------------------------------------- ----------

2 1845119286 PDB$SEED READ ONLY

3 1778789142 PDAVE READ WRITE

SQL>

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Oracle 12c 基于ASM 的單實例 搭建手冊

1 安裝需要的RPM 包

2 創建ASM disk 并用UDEV 綁定

3 禁用防火墻和SELNUX

4 創建目錄結構

5 添加組和用戶并設置環境變量

6 為安裝用戶設置資源限制

6.1 修改/etc/security/limits.conf

6.2 修改/etc/pam.d/login

6.3 shell 的限制

7 修改內核參數/etc/sysctl.conf

8 安裝Clusterware

9 安裝Oracle 軟件

10 創建ASM DISK GROUPS

11 創建基于ASM 的數據庫實例

12 驗證

Oracle 12c 基于ASM 的單實例搭建手冊