Oracle 12c CDB 和PDB 數據庫的啟動與關閉 說明

在Oracle 12c中，分CDB 和PDB，他們的啟動和關閉操作整理以下。

1  Container Database (CDB)

對CDB，啟動和關閉與之前傳統的方式1樣，具體語法以下：

STARTUP[NOMOUNT | MOUNT | RESTRICT | UPGRADE | FORCE | READ ONLY]

SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE | ABORT]

要注意，在12c數據庫創建完成后，默許情況下使用sqlplus / as sysdba  登錄連接的是CDB。

[oracle@Ora12c~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus:Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr 24 17:50:34 2014

Copyright(c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rightsreserved.

Connectedto:

OracleDatabase 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

Withthe Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing options

SQL>show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL>

SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

    CON_ID      DBID GUID                            NAME                          OPEN_MODE

---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------

         2 4088301206 F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY

         3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA                       READ WRITE

我們現在連接的是CDB，即root container。

我們關閉CDB：

SQL>shutdown immediate

Databaseclosed.

Databasedismounted.

ORACLEinstance shut down.

我們關閉CDB之前PDB 是沒有關閉的，所以這個操作也會把PDB 關閉掉。

SQL>startup

ORACLEinstance started.

TotalSystem Global Area 1269366784 bytes

FixedSize                  2287912 bytes

VariableSize             788530904 bytes

DatabaseBuffers          469762048 bytes

RedoBuffers                8785920 bytes

Databasemounted.

Databaseopened.

SQL>  select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs;

    CON_ID      DBID GUID                            NAME                          OPEN_MODE

---------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------ ----------

         2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED                       READ ONLY

         3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA                       MOUNTED

注意這里的PDB，在CDB 啟動之，PDB 是自動啟動到mount狀態，而不是OPEN。 所以我們還需要手工去open它，固然，也能夠通過在CDB中配置觸發器來自動open。

2  Pluggable Database (PDB)

PDB 的操作可以通過SQL*PLUS 來操作，也能夠通過ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE 命令操作。

2.1             使用SQL*Plus 命令

由于默許連接的是CDB,所以必須先指定PDB才可以通過sqlplus來啟動和關閉PDB，

具體語法和普通實例1樣：

STARTUPFORCE;

STARTUPOPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICT];

STARTUPOPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICT];

STARTUPUPGRADE;

SHUTDOWN[IMMEDIATE];

SQL>show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

CDB$ROOT

SQL>selectcon_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

    CON_ID      DBID GUID                            NAME            OPEN_MODE

-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------

         2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED       READ ONLY

         3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA        MOUNTED

注意這里是mount，表示PDB 是關閉的。

--指定PDB 數據庫：

SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba;

Sessionaltered.

SQL>startup

PluggableDatabase opened.

SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

    CON_ID      DBID GUID                            NAME            OPEN_MODE

-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------

         3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA        READ WRITE

SQL>

啟動成功。 當我們切換到PDB以后，就看不到seed PDB的信息了。

2.2             使用ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE命令

如果在PDB中可使用以下語法：

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];

如果是在CDB中，可使用以下語法：

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ WRITE [RESTRICTED][FORCE];

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN READ ONLY [RESTRICTED] [FORCE];

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> OPEN UPGRADE [RESTRICTED];

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE <pdd-name-clause> CLOSE [IMMEDIATE];

<pdd-name-clause>表示的是多個PDB，如果有多個，用逗號分開。 也能夠使用ALL或ALL EXCEPT關鍵字來替換。

ALL：表示所有的PDBS。

ALLEXCEPT 表示需要排除的PDBS。

如：

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 OPEN READ ONLY FORCE;

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1, pdb2 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN;

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 OPEN;

ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL EXCEPT pdb1 CLOSE IMMEDIATE;

示例：

SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

Sessionaltered.

SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

    CON_ID      DBID GUID                            NAME            OPEN_MODE

-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------

         2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED       READ ONLY

         3 426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787 PDBCNDBA        READ WRITE

SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL CLOSE ;

Pluggabledatabase altered.

SQL>select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_mode from v$pdbs;

    CON_ID      DBID GUID                            NAME            OPEN_MODE

-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------

         2 4088301206F7C1E3C96BBF0585E0430A01A8C05459 PDB$SEED       READ ONLY

         3  426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA        MOUNTED

SQL>alter session set container=pdbcndba;

Sessionaltered.

SQL>ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE OPEN;

Pluggabledatabase altered.

SQL>  select con_id, dbid, guid, name , open_modefrom v$pdbs;

    CON_ID      DBID GUID                            NAME            OPEN_MODE

-------------------- -------------------------------- --------------- ----------

         3  426143573 F7C209EB1DFC0854E0430A01A8C0B787PDBCNDBA        READ WRITE

3  設置Pluggable Database (PDB) 的自動startup

默許情況下，在CDB 啟動的時候，all 的PDB 都是mount狀態，也沒有默許的機制，在CDB啟動時自動啟動PDB。

但這里可以通過觸發器來實現PDB的自動open：

CREATEOR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs

  AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE

BEGIN

   EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTERPLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN';

END open_pdbs;

/

示例：

SQL>show con_name

CON_NAME

------------------------------

PDBCNDBA

SQL>alter session set container=CDB$ROOT;

Sessionaltered.

SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs

  2   AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE

  3 BEGIN

  4    EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE ALL OPEN';

  5  ENDopen_pdbs;

  6  /

Triggercreated.

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