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【win32】day09-對話框/子控件/靜態塊/按鈕/文本編輯框

來源：程序員人生發布時間：2016-10-11 08:24:59 閱讀次數：2668次

對話框

1 對話框的分類

2 對話框的基本使用方式

3 對話框資源

4 有模式對話框的使用

5 無模式對話框的使用

5.1 添加對話框資源

5.2 定義窗口處理函數

BOOL CALLBACK DialogProc(

HWND hwndDlg, // handle to dialog box

UINT uMsg, // message

WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter

LPARAM lParam ); // second message parameter

5.3 創建對話框

HWND CreateDialog(

HINSTANCE hInstance,//利用程序實例句柄

LPCTSTR lpTemplate,//對話框的資源ID

HWND hWndParent,//父窗口

DLGPROC lpDialogFunc );//對話框的窗口處理函數

返回值是創建好的對話框的窗口句柄。

5.4 顯示對話框

ShowWindow

5.5 關閉對話框

EndDialog

點擊查找的時候，無模式對話框出來。

// WinModelessDlg.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; BOOL CALLBACK FindDlgProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: MessageBox( NULL, "WM_CREATE", "WinDlg", MB_OK ); break; case WM_INITDIALOG: MessageBox( NULL, "WM_INITDIALOG", "WinDlg", MB_OK ); break; case WM_SYSCOMMAND: { switch( wParam ) { case SC_CLOSE: EndDialog( hWnd, 0 ); break; } } break; } return 0; } void Find( HWND hWnd ) { //創建對話框 HWND hDlg = CreateDialog( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDD_FIND), hWnd, FindDlgProc ); //顯示對話框 ShowWindow( hDlg, SW_SHOW ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nCmdID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nCmdID ) { case ID_EXIT: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); break; case ID_FIND: Find( hWnd ); break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) ); HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }

5.6 與有模式對話框對照

創建函數: 有模式對話框DialogBox

無模式對話框 CreateDialog

程序履行方式:

有模式對話框會阻塞,制止其他窗口的輸入

無模式對話框會讓主程序,不影響其它窗口的輸入

6 對話框中的消息

WM_INITDIALOG消息,用處類似于WM_CREATE消息

可以在對話框創建完成后,進行數據初始化.

它與WM_CREATE不同的地方是,WM_INITDIALOG消息

會在對話框資源模板上的所有子控件(按鈕等)

創建完成后,再發送給對話框窗口.

wParam - 當前接受輸入焦點子控件窗口句柄

lParam - 創建時附帶的參數

7 對話框和普通窗口的對照

7.1 創建方式

普通窗口: CreateWindow/Ex

對話框: DialogBox/CreateDialog

7.2 消息

普通窗口: 會收到WM_CREATE

對話框: WM_INITDIALOG

7.3 關閉方式:

普通窗口: DestoryWindow等

對話框: EndDialog

子控件

1 子控件

1.1 控件的類型

由Windows系統定義的窗口類型,可以提供

相應的功能.包括按鈕、文本編輯框、靜態框等.

1.2 控件的創建

都可使用CreateWindow/CreateWindowEx

創建，并獲得到控件HWND。創建時每一個子控件

都要有相應的ID號，ID號要求不重復。

1.3 控件的消息

子控件和父窗口(1般窗口或對話框)的交互

都是通過消息完成。如果子窗口狀態產生變化，

子窗口會向父窗口發送相應的消息。

1般父窗口會使用SendMessage函數向子窗口

發送消息。

父窗口響應子窗口發送的消息1般是在

WM_COMMAND進行處理。

靜態框

1 靜態框創建

窗口類的名稱 - STATIC, 用于窗口上

顯示文字等, 如果使用SS_ICON/SS_BITMAP

風格可以顯示ICON和BITMAP

文本靜態框 - 創建時使用SS_SIMPLE便可

ICON靜態框 -創建時需要使用SS_ICON,并且

將靜態框的窗口名稱設置成對應ICON的資源

ID號,例如"#101".

2 靜態框的命令相應

2.1 靜態框要添加SS_NOTIFY風格

2.2 WM_COMMAND進行處理

WPARAM - HIWORD 命令ID

LOWORD 靜態框的窗口ID

LPARAM - 靜態框的窗口句柄.

3 靜態框的消息

調用SendMessage函數,向Static控件發送消息

例如: STM_SETICON消息修改控件顯示圖標

SendMessage( hStatic, STM_SETICON,

(WPARAM)hIcon, 0 );

其他:

GetDlgItem 從窗口中獲得指定ID的子控件的

窗口句柄

// WinStatic.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { CreateWindow( "STATIC", "hello Static", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_SUNKEN|SS_SIMPLE|SS_NOTIFY, 50, 50, 100, 100, hWnd, (HMENU)1001, g_hInst, NULL ); CreateWindow( "STATIC", "#101", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|SS_SUNKEN|SS_ICON|SS_NOTIFY, 200, 50, 100, 100, hWnd, (HMENU)1002, g_hInst, NULL ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nCmdID = HIWORD( wParam ); int nCtrlID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nCtrlID ) { case 1001: case 1002: { switch( nCmdID ) { case STN_CLICKED: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello Static", "WinStatic", MB_OK ); break; } } break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }

按鈕

1 按鈕的分類

根據創建按鈕時使用的風格:

1.1 下壓式按鈕 PUSH BUTTON

正常下壓式按鈕 BS_PUSHBUTTON

3態下壓按鈕 BS_3STATE/BS_AUTO3STATE

1.2 分組按鈕 Group Button

按鈕樣式:BS_GROUPBOX

1.3 多選按鈕 Check Box

按鈕樣式:BS_CHECKBOX/BS_AUTOCHECKBOX

1.4 單選按鈕 Radio Box

按鈕樣式:BS_RADIOBUTTON/

BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON

2 下壓式按鈕的使用
2.1 創建按鈕
創建時使用BUTTON
2.2 命令消息
BN_CLICKED消息: 當點擊按鈕通過
WM_COMMAND消息通知父窗口
2.3 通知消息
SendMessage

3 分組按鈕
3.1 創建分組按鈕
3.2 經常使用于對窗口內控件劃分區域,增加
界面的友好性

4 多選按鈕 CheckBox
4.1 創建使用 BS_CHECKBOX/BS_AUTOCHECKBOX
BS_AUTOCHECKBOX 選擇狀態系統自動保護
BS_CHECKBOX 選擇狀態需要自己保護
4.2 命令響應
BN_CLICKED 通過WM_COMMAND消息
4.3 通知消息
BM_GETCHECK 獲得當前按鈕被選擇的狀態
BM_SETCHECK 設置當前按鈕被選擇的狀態
wParam 用于設置狀態標示
狀態: BST_CHECKED 或 BST_UNCHECKED

5 單選按鈕 RadioBox
5.1 創建使用 BS_RADIOBUTTON/BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON
BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON 選擇狀態系統自動保護
BS_RADIOBUTTON 選擇狀態需要自己保護
注意:
RadionBox分組 - 使用WS_GROUP樣式,可以將
RadionBox分成多個組.
A CreateWindow ( ,,,WS_GROUP );
B CreateWindow...
C CreateWindow ( ,,,WS_GROUP );
D CreaetWindow...
A和B是1組, C和D是1組
5.2 命令響應
BN_CLICKED 通過WM_COMMAND消息
5.3 通知消息
與CheckBox類似

// WinButton.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { //PUSH BUTTON CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "PushButton", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_PUSHBUTTON, 100, 50, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)1001, g_hInst, NULL ); //3態按鈕 CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "Auto3State", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTO3STATE|BS_PUSHLIKE, 100, 100, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)2001, g_hInst, NULL ); //分組按鈕 CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "分組1", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_GROUPBOX, 50, 30, 300, 300, hWnd, (HMENU)3001, g_hInst, NULL ); //多選按鈕 CheckBox CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "選項1", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTOCHECKBOX, 100, 150, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)4001, g_hInst, NULL ); CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "選項2", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_CHECKBOX, 100, 180, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)4002, g_hInst, NULL ); // 單選按鈕 CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "A", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON|WS_GROUP, 100, 240, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)5001, g_hInst, NULL ); CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "B", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 100, 270, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)5002, g_hInst, NULL ); CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "C", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON|WS_GROUP, 100, 300, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)5003, g_hInst, NULL ); CreateWindow( "BUTTON", "D", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON, 100, 330, 100, 30, hWnd, (HMENU)5004, g_hInst, NULL ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nNotifyCode = HIWORD( wParam ); int nEventID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nEventID ) { case 1001: { switch( nNotifyCode ) { case BN_CLICKED: MessageBox( NULL, "Hello PushButton", "WinButton", MB_OK ); break; } } break; case 4002: { HWND hCtrl = GetDlgItem( hWnd, 4002 ); LRESULT nCheck = 0; switch( nNotifyCode ) { case BN_CLICKED: //獲得當前CheckBox的狀態 nCheck = SendMessage( hCtrl, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0 ); //判斷當前狀態是不是被選擇 if( nCheck & BST_CHECKED ) { //設置為不選擇狀態 SendMessage( hCtrl,BM_SETCHECK, BST_UNCHECKED, 0 ); } else { //設置成選擇狀態 SendMessage( hCtrl,BM_SETCHECK, BST_CHECKED, 0 ); } break; } } break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( 0, pszClassName, "MyWnd", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }

文本編輯框

1 文本編輯框的樣式

1.1 單行文本編輯框 -默許樣式

1.2 多行文本編輯框 - ES_MULTILINE

1.3 密碼文本編輯框 - ES_PASSWORD

2 文本編輯框的使用

2.1 創建

窗口類名稱EDIT.

2.2 Notify消息

EN_CHANGE 當編輯框內容產生變化時,

會通知父窗口

2.3 EDIT窗口消息

EM_SETSEL 選擇消息 WPARAM是起始字符位置

LPARAM是終止字符位置

窗口消息: WM_COPY, WM_PASET,WM_CUT等消息

WM_SETTEXT, WM_GETTEXT, WM_GETTEXTLEN

SetWindowText

GetWindowText/GetWindowTextLen

// WinEdit.cpp : Defines the entry point for the application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include "stdlib.h" #include "stdio.h" #include "resource.h" HINSTANCE g_hInst = NULL; HWND g_hEdit = NULL; void OnCreate( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { g_hEdit = CreateWindow( "EDIT", "Hello EDIT", WS_CHILD|WS_VISIBLE|WS_HSCROLL| WS_VSCROLL|ES_AUTOHSCROLL| ES_AUTOVSCROLL|ES_MULTILINE, 0, 0, 100, 200, hWnd, (HMENU)1001, g_hInst, NULL ); } void OnSize( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nWidth = LOWORD( lParam ); int nHeight= HIWORD( lParam ); if( NULL != g_hEdit ) { //將EDIT窗口填滿全部客戶區 MoveWindow( g_hEdit, 0, 0, nWidth, nHeight, TRUE ); } } void OnSave( ) { //獲得文字長度 LRESULT nTextLen = SendMessage( g_hEdit, WM_GETTEXTLENGTH, 0, 0 ); //獲得文字 CHAR * pszBuff = NULL; pszBuff = (CHAR *)malloc( nTextLen + 1 ); memset( pszBuff, 0, nTextLen + 1 ); SendMessage( g_hEdit, WM_GETTEXT, nTextLen + 1, (LPARAM)pszBuff ); //MessageBox( NULL, pszBuff, "WinEdit", MB_OK ); //保存文件 FILE * pFile = fopen( "C:\\1.txt", "w+" ); fwrite( pszBuff, nTextLen, 1, pFile ); fclose( pFile ); //釋放內存 free( pszBuff ); } void OnOpen( ) { //打開文件讀取數據 FILE * pFile = fopen( "C:\\1.txt", "r" ); //獲得文件長度 fseek( pFile, 0, SEEK_END ); long nFileLen = ftell( pFile ); fseek( pFile, 0, SEEK_SET ); //讀取文件數據 CHAR * pszBuf = (CHAR *) malloc( nFileLen + 1 ); memset( pszBuf, 0, nFileLen + 1 ); fread( pszBuf, nFileLen, 1, pFile ); //關閉文件 fclose( pFile ); //將字符顯示在EDIT窗口 SendMessage( g_hEdit, WM_SETTEXT, 0, (LPARAM)pszBuf ); //釋放內存 free( pszBuf ); } void OnCommand( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { int nNotifyCode = HIWORD( wParam ); int nEventID = LOWORD( wParam ); switch( nEventID ) { case 1001: { switch( nNotifyCode ) { case EN_CHANGE: //MessageBox( NULL, "EN_CHANGE", // "WinEdit", MB_OK ); break; } } break; case ID_SELALL: SendMessage( g_hEdit, EM_SETSEL, 0, ⑴ ); break; case ID_COPY: SendMessage( g_hEdit, WM_COPY, 0, 0 ); break; case ID_PASTE: SendMessage( g_hEdit, WM_PASTE, 0, 0 ); break; case ID_SAVE: OnSave( ); break; case ID_OPEN: OnOpen( ); break; } } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc( HWND hWnd, UINT nMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam ) { switch( nMsg ) { case WM_CREATE: OnCreate( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_SIZE: OnSize( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_COMMAND: OnCommand( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); break; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage( 0 ); return 0; } return DefWindowProc( hWnd, nMsg, wParam, lParam ); } BOOL RegisterWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { WNDCLASSEX wce = { 0 }; wce.cbSize = sizeof( wce ); wce.cbClsExtra = 0; wce.cbWndExtra = 0; wce.hbrBackground = HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW); wce.hCursor = NULL; wce.hIcon = NULL; wce.hIconSm = NULL; wce.hInstance = g_hInst; wce.lpfnWndProc = WndProc; wce.lpszClassName = pszClassName; wce.lpszMenuName = NULL; wce.style = CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW; ATOM nAtom = RegisterClassEx( &wce ); if( 0 == nAtom ) { return FALSE; } return TRUE; } HWND CreateWnd( LPSTR pszClassName ) { HMENU hMenu = LoadMenu( g_hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDR_MAIN) ); HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx( WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE, pszClassName, "我的記事本", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, hMenu, g_hInst, NULL ); return hWnd; } void DisplayWnd( HWND hWnd ) { ShowWindow( hWnd, SW_SHOW ); UpdateWindow( hWnd ); } void Message( ) { MSG msg = { 0 }; while( GetMessage( &msg, NULL, 0, 0 ) ) { TranslateMessage( &msg ); DispatchMessage( &msg ); } } int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) { g_hInst = hInstance; RegisterWnd( "MYWND" ); HWND hWnd = CreateWnd( "MYWND" ); DisplayWnd( hWnd ); Message( ); return 0; }