Android網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程之傳遞數(shù)據(jù)給服務(wù)器(一)
請尊重他人的勞動成果，轉(zhuǎn)載請注明出處：Android網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程之傳遞數(shù)據(jù)給服務(wù)器(一)
因為Android程序需要和服務(wù)器進行通信，所以需要服務(wù)器端提供的支持。
一、通過GET方式傳遞數(shù)據(jù)給服務(wù)器
通過GET方式上傳數(shù)據(jù)主要適用于數(shù)據(jù)大小不超過2KB，且對安全性要求不高的情況下。
1.創(chuàng)建服務(wù)器端：
服務(wù)器端項目結(jié)構(gòu)：
第一步：創(chuàng)建控制器Servlet
package com.jph.sgm.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class ServletForGETMethod
*/
@WebServlet("/ServletForGETMethod")
public class ServletForGETMethod extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public ServletForGETMethod() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//獲取請求的參數(shù)（使用utf-8進行解碼，然后用進行ISO8859-1編碼）
// String name=new String(request.getParameter("name").getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"utf-8");
String name=request.getParameter("name");
String pwd=request.getParameter("pwd");
System.out.println("name:"+name+" pwd:"+pwd);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
第二步：測試Servlet
發(fā)布項目并在瀏覽器中輸入：http://localhost:8080/ServerForGETMethod/ServletForGETMethod?name=aa&pwd=124
可以再控制臺看到如下圖的輸出：
至此服務(wù)器端項目已經(jīng)完成。下面開始創(chuàng)建Android端項目。
2.創(chuàng)建Android端：
Android端項目結(jié)構(gòu)：
第一步：創(chuàng)建Android端項目的業(yè)務(wù)邏輯層
核心代碼：SendDateToServer.java:
package com.jph.sdg.service;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import android.os.Handler;
/**
* 通過GET方式向服務(wù)器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
* @author jph
* Date:2014.09.27
*/
public class SendDateToServer {
private static String url="http://10.219.61.117:8080/ServerForGETMethod/ServletForGETMethod";
public static final int SEND_SUCCESS=0x123;
public static final int SEND_FAIL=0x124;
private Handler handler;
public SendDateToServer(Handler handler) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
this.handler=handler;
}
/**
* 通過Get方式向服務(wù)器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
* @param name 用戶名
* @param pwd 密碼
*/
public void SendDataToServer(String name,String pwd) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
final Map<String, String>map=new HashMap<String, String>();
map.put("name", name);
map.put("pwd", pwd);
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
if (sendGetRequest(map,url,"utf-8")) {
handler.sendEmptyMessage(SEND_SUCCESS);//通知主線程數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送成功
}else {
//將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送給服務(wù)器失敗
}
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
/**
* 發(fā)送GET請求
* @param map 請求參數(shù)
* @param url 請求路徑
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private boolean sendGetRequest(Map<String, String> param, String url,String encoding) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//http://localhost:8080/ServerForGETMethod/ServletForGETMethod?name=aa&pwd=124
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer(url);
if (!url.equals("")&!param.isEmpty()) {
sb.append("?");
for (Map.Entry<String, String>entry:param.entrySet()) {
sb.append(entry.getKey()+"=");
sb.append(URLEncoder.encode(entry.getValue(), encoding));
sb.append("&");
}
sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length()-1);//刪除字符串最后 一個字符“&”
}
HttpURLConnection conn=(HttpURLConnection) new URL(sb.toString()).openConnection();
conn.setConnectTimeout(5000);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");//設(shè)置請求方式為GET
if (conn.getResponseCode()==200) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
第三步：創(chuàng)建Activity
package com.jph.sdg.activity;
import com.jph.sdg.R;
import com.jph.sdg.service.SendDateToServer;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* 通過GET方式向服務(wù)器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù),通過GET方式上傳數(shù)據(jù)主要適用于數(shù)
* 據(jù)大小不超過2KB，且對安全性要求不高的情況下。
* @author jph
* Date:2014.09.27
*/
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private EditText edtName,edtPwd;
private Button btnSend;
Handler handler=new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case SendDateToServer.SEND_SUCCESS:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "登陸成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case SendDateToServer.SEND_FAIL:
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "登陸失敗", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:
break;
}
};
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
edtName=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.edtName);
edtPwd=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.edtPwd);
btnSend=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnSend);
btnSend.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String name=edtName.getText().toString();
String pwd=edtPwd.getText().toString();
if (edtName.equals("")||edtPwd.equals("")) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "用戶名或密碼不能為空", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}else {
new SendDateToServer(handler).SendDataToServer(name, pwd);
}
}
});
}
}
至此Android端項目已經(jīng)完成了。下面就讓我們看一下APP運行效果吧：
Android運行效果圖：
2
二、關(guān)于通過GET方式傳遞數(shù)據(jù)給服務(wù)器時，中文亂碼的解決方案
當(dāng)客戶端向服務(wù)器發(fā)送中文時服務(wù)器端會出現(xiàn)亂碼現(xiàn)象，如下圖：
出現(xiàn)亂碼的原因主要是，Android客戶端我們采用的是UTF-8編碼，而Tomcat默認采用的是ISO8858-1編碼，所以會出現(xiàn)中文亂碼的現(xiàn)象。
解決方案有兩種：
第一種解決方案：
是使用UTF-8解碼請求參數(shù)得到漢字，然后再通過ISO8859-1進行編碼。此時服務(wù)器端的Servlet是：
package com.jph.sgm.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
* Servlet implementation class ServletForGETMethod
*/
@WebServlet("/ServletForGETMethod")
public class ServletForGETMethod extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public ServletForGETMethod() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//獲取請求的參數(shù)（使用utf-8進行解碼，然后用進行ISO8859-1編碼）
String name=new String(request.getParameter("name").getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"utf-8");
// String name=request.getParameter("name");
String pwd=request.getParameter("pwd");
System.out.println("name:"+name+" pwd:"+pwd);
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
運行結(jié)果如下圖：
第二種解決方案：
下面我們采用過濾器的方式來解決亂碼的問題：
第一步：建立一個Filter過濾器。
EncodingFilter.java
package com.jph.sgm.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
/**
* Servlet Filter implementation class EncodingFilter
*/
@WebFilter("/*")
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
/**
* Default constructor.
*/
public EncodingFilter() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#destroy()
*/
public void destroy() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
/**
* @see Filter#doFilter(ServletRequest, ServletResponse, FilterChain)
*/
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
HttpServletRequest req=(HttpServletRequest) request;
if ("GET".equals(req.getMethod())) {
HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper wrapper=new HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper(req);
chain.doFilter(wrapper, response);
}else {
req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
/**
* @see Filter#init(FilterConfig)
*/
public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
}
}
上面的過濾器因為設(shè)置了過濾路徑為*/所以會過濾所有的Servlet。
在上面的過濾器中用到了一個包裝器，HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper.java
package com.jph.sgm.filter;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
public class HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper extends
HttpServletRequestWrapper {
private HttpServletRequest request;
public HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
super(request);
this.request=request;
}
@Override
public String getParameter(String name) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
String value=request.getParameter(name);
if (value!=null) {
try {//用utf-8進行解碼，然后用ISO8859-1進行編碼
return new String(value.getBytes("ISO8859-1"),"utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return super.getParameter(name);
}
}
重新運行項目可以看到服務(wù)器會將客戶端發(fā)來的數(shù)據(jù)用UTF-8進行解碼，用ISO8859-1進行編碼。運行效果圖如下：
Android網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程之傳遞數(shù)據(jù)給服務(wù)器(二)――通過POST的方式將數(shù)據(jù)傳遞給服務(wù)器
