Object-C學習札記 NSString常用方法
來源：程序員人生 發布時間：2015-04-25 09:47:21 閱讀次數：3868次
--實例化方法--------------
NSString *str = [[NSString alloc] init];
NSString *str = [[[NSString alloc] init] autorelease];
注意：在NSString 中存在自己的實例化和初始化的方法 例如：
NSString *str1 = [NSString stringWithCString:"new String" enconding: NSACIIStringEncoding];
NSString *str2 = [NSString alloc] initWithCString:"new String" enconding: NSACIIStringEncoding］；
str1和str2兩個對象是相同的。
--NSStringEncoding 中經常使用的字符編碼----------------
NSASCIIStringEncoding
NSUTF8StringEncoding
NSUnicodeStringEncoding
--NSString創建實例----------------
帶“@”符號的方法只能定義含有英文和數字的NSString實例,例如:
NSString *str = "Hello money~";
--生成含有中文的NSString方法-------------
//此方法自動釋放內存
+ (id)stringWithCString:(const char*)cString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
//進行alloc落后行初始化
- (id)initWithCString:(const char*)cString encoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;
例如:
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithCString:"您好" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:"您好" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
--使用格式創建字符串-------------
+ (id)stringWithFormat:(NSString *)format...
- (id)initWithFormat:(NSString *)format...
例如：
NSString *str = "hello";
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ world",str];
NSLog(string); 結果：hello world
--經常使用的替換符--------------
%@ NSString實例
%d,%D,%i 整數
%u,%U 無符號整數
%x 將無符號整數以106進制小寫字母顯示
%X 將無符號整數以106進制大寫字母顯示
%f 小數
%c 字符
%s C語言字符串
%% 顯示％字符本身
--------------------------
NSRange
--NSRange的定義
typedef struct _NSRange
{
unsigned int location;
unsigned int length;
}NSRange;
NSMakeRange函數
－－這個函數比較特殊 返回1個NSRange的對象。
NSMakeRanger(unsigned int location,unsigned int length);
例如：
NSRange range = NSMakeRanger(0,5);
NSLog(@"location is %d,length is %d",range.location,range.length);
---------------------------
計算字符串長度
- (unsigned int)length;
---------------------------
字符串聯接，插入和刪除
1、連接
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingString:(NSString *)string;
- (NSString *)stringByAppendingFormat:(NSString *)format...;
例如：
NSString *str1 = @"hello";
NSString *str2 = @"world";
NSString *str3 = [str1 stringByAppendingString:str2];
NSString *str4 = [str2 stringByAppendingFormat:@"%d...%d",10,20];
str4 --> world 10...20
-----------------
NSMutableString的生成
NSString + (id)string; //生成空字符串的實例
+ (id)stringWithString:(NSString *)string; //帶自動釋放內存
- (id)initWithString:(NSString *)string;
例如:
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"hello"];
2、追加字符串
NSMutableString
+ (void)appendString:(NSString *)string;
- (void)appendFormat:(NSString *)format...;
例如：
NSMutableString string = [NSMutableString string];
[string appendString:@"hello"];
[string appendString:@"money"];
[string appendString:@" and world"];
3、插入字符串
NSMutableString
+ (void)insertString:(NSString *)string atIndex:(unsigned)index;
從index位置插入字符串
例如：
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac X"];
[string insertString:@"OS" atIndex:4];
string --> Mac OS X
4、刪除字符串
NSMutableString
+ (void)deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange)range;
例如：
NSMutableString *string = [NSMutableString stringWithString:@"Mac os"];
[string deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRanger(0,1)];
NSLog(string);
string -->ac os;
5、字符串比較
NSString
- (BOOL)isEqualToString:(NSString *)string;
6、比較前置串和后置串
NSString
- (BOOL)hasPrefix:(NSString *)string;
- (BOOL)hasSuffix:(NSString *)string;
例如:
NSString *str1 = @"Mac OS";
NSString *str2 = @"Mac Pro";
BOOL flag;
flag = [str1 hasPrefix:@"Mac"]; YES
flag = [str2 hasSuffix:@"OS"]; NO
7、字符串檢索
NSString
//如果找到就返回范圍，否則NSRange的location項被設置為NSNotFound
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString option:(unsigned)mask;
- (NSRange)rangeOfString:(NSString *)subString option:(unsigned)mask range:(NSRange)range;
－－－－－mask經常使用選項列表
NSCaseInsensitiveSearch 不辨別字母大小寫
NSLiteralSearch 對字符串進行字節單位的比較，1般可提高檢索速度
NSBackwardsSearch 從范圍的末尾開始檢索
NSAnchoredSearch 僅檢索制定范圍的前部。疏忽字符串中間的檢索字符
例如：
NSString *string = @"hello world";
NSRange range = [string rangeOfString:@"he"];
if(range.location != NSNotFound)
{
NSLog(@" location=%d,length=%d",range.location,range.length);
}
8、截取字符串
NSString
- (NSString *)substringToIndex:(unsigned)index; //返回字符串開頭至index位的字符串 不包括索引位
- (NSString *)substringFromIndex:(unsigned)index; //返回字符串第index位至末尾的字符串 包括索引位
- (NSString *)substringWithRange:(NSRange)range; //返回字符串中范圍range內的字符串 包括索引位
例如：
NSString *string = [string substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(5,2)];
9、讀取文本文件
NSString
+ (id)stringWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path usedEncoding:(NSStringEncoding *)enc error:(NSError **)error //自動釋放內存
- (id)initWithContentsOfFile:(NSString *)path encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError **)error
例如：
NSString *string = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:@"/user/test/yw.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding
error:&error];
if(string){}
10、輸出文本文件
NSString
- (BOOL)writeToFile:(NSString *)path atomically:(BOOL)useAuxiliaryFile encoding:(NSStringEncoding)enc error:(NSError
**)error
//參數 atomically 暫時將文件保存到輔助文件中
//path
The file to which to write the receiver. If path contains a tilde (~) character, you must expand it with stringByExpandingTildeInPath
before invoking this method.
----下面是網上找的例子 感謝 @chenshizero
//擴大路徑
NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);
NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);
//文件擴大名
NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);
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