Zend Framework教程-Zend_Controller_Action動(dòng)作的基類

Zend_Controller_Action的實(shí)現(xiàn)

            Zend Framework的動(dòng)作控制器需要繼承Zend_Controller_Action，Zend_Controller_Action提供了動(dòng)作控制器的基本功能，具體參考如下代碼：

Zend_Controller_Action_Interface

<?phpinterface Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{    /**     * Class constructor     *     * The request and response objects should be registered with the     * controller, as should be any additional optional arguments; these will be     * available via {@link getRequest()}, {@link getResponse()}, and     * {@link getInvokeArgs()}, respectively.     *     * When overriding the constructor, please consider this usage as a best     * practice and ensure that each is registered appropriately; the easiest     * way to do so is to simply call parent::__construct($request, $response,     * $invokeArgs).     *     * After the request, response, and invokeArgs are set, the     * {@link $_helper helper broker} is initialized.     *     * Finally, {@link init()} is called as the final action of     * instantiation, and may be safely overridden to perform initialization     * tasks; as a general rule, override {@link init()} instead of the     * constructor to customize an action controller's instantiation.     *     * @param Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request     * @param Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response     * @param array $invokeArgs Any additional invocation arguments     * @return void     */    public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request,                                Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response,                                array $invokeArgs = array());    /**     * Dispatch the requested action     *     * @param string $action Method name of action     * @return void     */    public function dispatch($action);}

<?php  require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/HelperBroker.php'; require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Interface.php'; require_once 'Zend/Controller/Front.php'; abstract class Zend_Controller_Action implements Zend_Controller_Action_Interface{     protected $_classMethods;     protected $_delimiters;     protected $_invokeArgs = array();     protected $_frontController;     protected $_request = null;     protected $_response = null;     public $viewSuffix = 'phtml';     public $view;     protected $_helper = null;     public function __construct(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response, array $invokeArgs = array())    {        $this->setRequest($request)             ->setResponse($response)             ->_setInvokeArgs($invokeArgs);        $this->_helper = new Zend_Controller_Action_HelperBroker($this);        $this->init();    }     public function init()    {    }     public function initView()    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            return $this->view;        }        require_once 'Zend/View/Interface.php';        if (isset($this->view) && ($this->view instanceof Zend_View_Interface)) {            return $this->view;        }        $request = $this->getRequest();        $module  = $request->getModuleName();        $dirs    = $this->getFrontController()->getControllerDirectory();        if (empty($module) || !isset($dirs[$module])) {            $module = $this->getFrontController()->getDispatcher()->getDefaultModule();        }        $baseDir = dirname($dirs[$module]) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'views';        if (!file_exists($baseDir) || !is_dir($baseDir)) {            require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';            throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Missing base view directory ("' . $baseDir . '")');        }        require_once 'Zend/View.php';        $this->view = new Zend_View(array('basePath' => $baseDir));        return $this->view;    }     public function render($action = null, $name = null, $noController = false)    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->render($action, $name, $noController);        }        $view   = $this->initView();        $script = $this->getViewScript($action, $noController);        $this->getResponse()->appendBody(            $view->render($script),            $name        );    }     public function renderScript($script, $name = null)    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            return $this->_helper->viewRenderer->renderScript($script, $name);        }        $view = $this->initView();        $this->getResponse()->appendBody(            $view->render($script),            $name        );    }     public function getViewScript($action = null, $noController = null)    {        if (!$this->getInvokeArg('noViewRenderer') && $this->_helper->hasHelper('viewRenderer')) {            $viewRenderer = $this->_helper->getHelper('viewRenderer');            if (null !== $noController) {                $viewRenderer->setNoController($noController);            }            return $viewRenderer->getViewScript($action);        }        $request = $this->getRequest();        if (null === $action) {            $action = $request->getActionName();        } elseif (!is_string($action)) {            require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';            throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Invalid action specifier for view render');        }        if (null === $this->_delimiters) {            $dispatcher = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->getDispatcher();            $wordDelimiters = $dispatcher->getWordDelimiter();            $pathDelimiters = $dispatcher->getPathDelimiter();            $this->_delimiters = array_unique(array_merge($wordDelimiters, (array) $pathDelimiters));        }        $action = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $action);        $script = $action . '.' . $this->viewSuffix;        if (!$noController) {            $controller = $request->getControllerName();            $controller = str_replace($this->_delimiters, '-', $controller);            $script = $controller . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $script;        }        return $script;    }     public function getRequest()    {        return $this->_request;    }     public function setRequest(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request)    {        $this->_request = $request;        return $this;    }     public function getResponse()    {        return $this->_response;    }     public function setResponse(Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response)    {        $this->_response = $response;        return $this;    }     protected function _setInvokeArgs(array $args = array())    {        $this->_invokeArgs = $args;        return $this;    }     public function getInvokeArgs()    {        return $this->_invokeArgs;    }     public function getInvokeArg($key)    {        if (isset($this->_invokeArgs[$key])) {            return $this->_invokeArgs[$key];        }        return null;    }     public function getHelper($helperName)    {        return $this->_helper->{$helperName};    }     public function getHelperCopy($helperName)    {        return clone $this->_helper->{$helperName};    }     public function setFrontController(Zend_Controller_Front $front)    {        $this->_frontController = $front;        return $this;    }     public function getFrontController()    {        // Used cache version if found        if (null !== $this->_frontController) {            return $this->_frontController;        }        // Grab singleton instance, if class has been loaded        if (class_exists('Zend_Controller_Front')) {            $this->_frontController = Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance();            return $this->_frontController;        }        // Throw exception in all other cases        require_once 'Zend/Controller/Exception.php';        throw new Zend_Controller_Exception('Front controller class has not been loaded');    }     public function preDispatch()    {    }     public function postDispatch()    {    }     public function __call($methodName, $args)    {        require_once 'Zend/Controller/Action/Exception.php';        if ('Action' == substr($methodName, -6)) {            $action = substr($methodName, 0, strlen($methodName) - 6);            throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Action "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $action), 404);        }        throw new Zend_Controller_Action_Exception(sprintf('Method "%s" does not exist and was not trapped in __call()', $methodName), 500);    }     public function dispatch($action)    {        // Notify helpers of action preDispatch state        $this->_helper->notifyPreDispatch();        $this->preDispatch();        if ($this->getRequest()->isDispatched()) {            if (null === $this->_classMethods) {                $this->_classMethods = get_class_methods($this);            }            // If pre-dispatch hooks introduced a redirect then stop dispatch            // @see ZF-7496            if (!($this->getResponse()->isRedirect())) {                // preDispatch() didn't change the action, so we can continue                if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions') || in_array($action, $this->_classMethods)) {                    if ($this->getInvokeArg('useCaseSensitiveActions')) {                        trigger_error('Using case sensitive actions without word separators is deprecated; please do not rely on this "feature"');                    }                    $this->$action();                } else {                    $this->__call($action, array());                }            }            $this->postDispatch();        }        // whats actually important here is that this action controller is        // shutting down, regardless of dispatching; notify the helpers of this        // state        $this->_helper->notifyPostDispatch();    }     public function run(Zend_Controller_Request_Abstract $request = null, Zend_Controller_Response_Abstract $response = null)    {        if (null !== $request) {            $this->setRequest($request);        } else {            $request = $this->getRequest();        }        if (null !== $response) {            $this->setResponse($response);        }        $action = $request->getActionName();        if (empty($action)) {            $action = 'index';        }        $action = $action . 'Action';        $request->setDispatched(true);        $this->dispatch($action);        return $this->getResponse();    }     protected function _getParam($paramName, $default = null)    {        $value = $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);         if ((null === $value || '' === $value) && (null !== $default)) {            $value = $default;        }        return $value;    }     protected function _setParam($paramName, $value)    {        $this->getRequest()->setParam($paramName, $value);        return $this;    }     protected function _hasParam($paramName)    {        return null !== $this->getRequest()->getParam($paramName);    }     protected function _getAllParams()    {        return $this->getRequest()->getParams();    }     final protected function _forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null)    {        $request = $this->getRequest();        if (null !== $params) {            $request->setParams($params);        }        if (null !== $controller) {            $request->setControllerName($controller);            // Module should only be reset if controller has been specified            if (null !== $module) {                $request->setModuleName($module);            }        }        $request->setActionName($action)                ->setDispatched(false);    }     protected function _redirect($url, array $options = array())    {        $this->_helper->redirector->gotoUrl($url, $options);    }}

Zend_Controller_Action提供了動(dòng)作和視圖的render功能，以及注冊(cè)請(qǐng)求和響應(yīng)對(duì)象，常用助手等等。

動(dòng)作控制器的常用方法

在動(dòng)作控制器中常用的方法和屬性如下：

$this->_helper主要完成助手的相關(guān)操作例如：

// 只是局部控制器；當(dāng)初始化加載時(shí)，對(duì)這個(gè)控制器的所有動(dòng)作有效：
$this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender(true);
// 全局：
$this->_helper->removeHelper('viewRenderer');

 // 也是全局，但需要和本地版本協(xié)作，以便繁殖這個(gè)控制器：
Zend_Controller_Front::getInstance()->setParam('noViewRenderer', true);

通過(guò)設(shè)置ViewRenderer的noRender標(biāo)記，可以簡(jiǎn)單地為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的視圖禁止解析（rendering）： 
class FooController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function barAction()
    {
        // disable autorendering for this action only:
        $this->_helper->viewRenderer->setNoRender();
    }
}


            
禁止ViewRenderer的主要原因是如果你不需要視圖對(duì)象或者如果你不通過(guò)視圖腳本（例如，當(dāng)使用動(dòng)作控制器來(lái)司服網(wǎng)站服務(wù)協(xié)議如SOAP,XML-RPC或REST）來(lái)解析。大多數(shù)情況下，你不需要全局地禁止ViewRenderer，只選擇性地在個(gè)別控制器或動(dòng)作里禁止它。 

請(qǐng)求對(duì)象和響應(yīng)對(duì)象的相關(guān)操作


無(wú)數(shù)的對(duì)象和變量與對(duì)象一起注冊(cè)，并且每個(gè)都有訪問(wèn)器方法。


請(qǐng)求對(duì)象：getRequest()可用來(lái)讀取調(diào)用動(dòng)作請(qǐng)求對(duì)象。


響應(yīng)對(duì)象: getResponse()可用來(lái)讀取收集最終響應(yīng)的響應(yīng)對(duì)象。一些典型的調(diào)用看起來(lái)象這樣：


$this->getResponse()->setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/xml');
$this->getResponse()->appendBody($content);


                
調(diào)用參數(shù)：前端控制器可能把參數(shù)傳給路由器、派遣器和動(dòng)作控制器。為了讀取這些參數(shù)，可使用getInvokeArg($key)；另外，用getInvokeArgs()讀取整個(gè)參數(shù)列表。


請(qǐng)求參數(shù)：請(qǐng)求對(duì)象手機(jī)請(qǐng)求參數(shù)，如任何_GET 或 _POST 參數(shù)，或者指定在URL的路徑信息里的用戶參數(shù)。為了讀取這些參數(shù)，可使用_getParam($key)或_getAllParams()。也可以用_setParam()來(lái)設(shè)置請(qǐng)求參數(shù)；當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到另外的動(dòng)作時(shí)這很有用。


用_hasParam($key)來(lái)測(cè)試是否一個(gè)參數(shù)存在（對(duì)邏輯分支有用）。


Note: _getParam()可帶有一個(gè)可選的第二個(gè)參數(shù)，如果它不是空的，就包含一個(gè)缺省的值。用它在讀取值之前來(lái)消除對(duì)_hasParam() 的調(diào)用： 
// Use default value of 1 if id is not set
$id = $this->_getParam('id', 1);


// Instead of:
if ($this->_hasParam('id') {
    $id = $this->_getParam('id');
} else {
    $id = 1;
}


                    
視圖的相關(guān)操作


Zend_Controller_Action為視圖繼承提供了一個(gè)初步的靈活的機(jī)制。有兩個(gè)方法來(lái)完成這個(gè)：initView() 和 render()；前者松散地加載$view public 屬性，后者基于當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)作來(lái)解析視圖，它們使用目錄層次來(lái)決定腳本路徑。


視圖初始化


initView()初始化視圖對(duì)象。為了讀取視圖對(duì)象，render()調(diào)用initView()，但它可以在任何時(shí)候被初始化；缺省地，它用Zend_View對(duì)象來(lái)組裝$view屬性，但任何實(shí)現(xiàn)Zend_View_Interface的類可以使用。如果$view已經(jīng)被初始化，它就簡(jiǎn)單地返回屬性。


缺省的實(shí)現(xiàn)使用下面假設(shè)的目錄結(jié)構(gòu)：


applicationOrModule/
    controllers/
        IndexController.php
    views/
        scripts/
            index/
                index.phtml
        helpers/
        filters/


            
換句話說(shuō)，視圖腳本假定放在views/scripts/子目錄，同時(shí)假定 views子目錄還包含兄弟功能（助手和過(guò)濾器）。確定視圖腳本名稱和路徑時(shí)，先以 views/scripts/作為基路徑，然后加上以視圖腳本對(duì)應(yīng)控制器命名的目錄。


解析（Rendering）視圖


render() 有下列特征：has the following signature:


string render(string $action = null,
              string $name = null,
              bool $noController = false);


            
render()解析視圖腳本。如果沒(méi)有傳遞參數(shù)，它假定請(qǐng)求的腳本是[controller]/[action].phtml （.phtml是$viewSuffix屬性的值）。為$action傳遞一個(gè)值將解析在[controller]子目錄中的模板。為用[controller]重寫(xiě)，傳遞一個(gè)true值給$noController。最后，模板被解析到響應(yīng)對(duì)象；如果你希望解析到一個(gè)在響應(yīng)對(duì)象里指定的named segment，傳遞一個(gè)值給$name。


Note: 因?yàn)榭刂破骱蛣?dòng)作名字里可能包含分隔符如'_'、 '.' 和 '-'，當(dāng)決定視圖名字時(shí)，render()把它們規(guī)格化成 '-'.在內(nèi)部，它使用派遣器的字和路徑分隔符來(lái)做規(guī)格化。這樣，對(duì)/foo.bar/baz-bat的請(qǐng)求將解析腳本foo-bar/baz-bat.phtml。如果動(dòng)作方法包含camelCasing，記住當(dāng)決定視圖腳本文件名的時(shí)候，這將變成由'-'分隔的字。 


一些例子：


class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function fooAction()
    {
        // Renders my/foo.phtml
        $this->render();


        // Renders my/bar.phtml
        $this->render('bar');


        // Renders baz.phtml
        $this->render('baz', null, true);


        // Renders my/login.phtml to the 'form' segment of the
        // response object
        $this->render('login', 'form');


        // Renders site.phtml to the 'page' segment of the response
        // object; does not use the 'my/' subirectory
        $this->render('site', 'page', true);
    }


    public function bazBatAction()
    {
        // Renders my/baz-bat.phtml
        $this->render();
    }
}

其它

_forward($action, $controller = null, $module = null, array $params = null) ：執(zhí)行另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作。如果在preDispatch()里調(diào)用，當(dāng)前請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)作將被跳過(guò)來(lái)支持新的動(dòng)作。否則，在當(dāng)前動(dòng)作被處理之后，在_forward()請(qǐng)求的動(dòng)作將被執(zhí)行。

_redirect($url, array $options = array())：重定向到另外一個(gè)地方。這個(gè)方法用URL和一組可選的選項(xiàng)。缺省地，它執(zhí)行HTTP 302 重定向。

選項(xiàng)可包括一個(gè)或多個(gè)下面這些：

exit:是否立即退出。如果被請(qǐng)求，它將干凈地關(guān)閉任何打開(kāi)的會(huì)話和執(zhí)行重定向。

可以用setRedirectExit()訪問(wèn)器在控制器里全局地設(shè)置這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

prependBase:是否預(yù)先考慮基礎(chǔ)URL和URL提供的請(qǐng)求對(duì)象一起注冊(cè)。

使用setRedirectPrependBase()訪問(wèn)器，在控制器里全局地設(shè)置這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

code:在重定向時(shí)要用什么HTTP代碼。缺省使用302；可以用從301到306之間的任何代碼。

使用setRedirectCode()訪問(wèn)器，在控制器里全局地設(shè)置這個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

擴(kuò)展自定義Zend_Controller_Action 

為了創(chuàng)建動(dòng)作控制器，設(shè)計(jì)上，Zend_Controller_Action 必須被繼承。至少，需要定義控制器可能調(diào)用的動(dòng)作方法。
除了為web應(yīng)用程序創(chuàng)建有用的函數(shù)外，你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)在不同的控制器里重復(fù)同樣的設(shè)置和實(shí)用方法；如果這樣，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)繼承（extends）Zend_Controller_Action 的基礎(chǔ)類可能會(huì)解決問(wèn)題。
Example #1 如何處理不存在的動(dòng)作

如果控制器的請(qǐng)求包括一個(gè)未定義的動(dòng)作方法，Zend_Controller_Action::__call()將被調(diào)用。__call()當(dāng)然是PHP中用來(lái)重載方法的魔術(shù)方法。

缺省地，這個(gè)方法拋出一個(gè)Zend_Controller_Action_Exception 來(lái)表明在控制器里沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)要求的方法。如果要求的方法以'Action'結(jié)尾，就假設(shè)一個(gè)動(dòng)作被請(qǐng)求并且不存在；這樣的錯(cuò)誤導(dǎo)致帶有代碼為 404 的異常。所有其它方法導(dǎo)致帶有代碼為 500 的異常。這使你很容易地在錯(cuò)誤句柄里區(qū)分是頁(yè)面沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)還是程序錯(cuò)誤。

如果想執(zhí)行其它操作，你應(yīng)該重寫(xiě)這個(gè)函數(shù)。例如，如果你想顯示錯(cuò)誤信息，可以象下面這樣來(lái)寫(xiě)：

class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function __call($method, $args)
    {
        if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {
            // If the action method was not found, render the error
            // template
            return $this->render('error');
        }


        // all other methods throw an exception
        throw new Exception('Invalid method "'
                            . $method
                            . '" called',
                            500);
    }
}
            
另外的可能性就是你可能想轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到缺省控制頁(yè)面：
class MyController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $this->render();
    }
    public function __call($method, $args)
    {
        if ('Action' == substr($method, -6)) {
            // If the action method was not found, forward to the
            // index action
            return $this->_forward('index');
        }
        // all other methods throw an exception
        throw new Exception('Invalid method "'
                            . $method
                            . '" called',
                            500);
    }
}
            
為了定制控制器，除了重寫(xiě)__call()以外，本章前面說(shuō)涉及的初始化、實(shí)用程序、訪問(wèn)器、視圖和派遣鉤子等方法都可以被重寫(xiě)。作為例子，如果把視圖對(duì)象保存到注冊(cè)表里，你可能想用象下面的代碼來(lái)修改initView()：

abstract class My_Base_Controller extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function initView()
    {
        if (null === $this->view) {
            if (Zend_Registry::isRegistered('view')) {
                $this->view = Zend_Registry::get('view');
            } else {
                $this->view = new Zend_View();
                $this->view->setBasePath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/../views');
            }
        }


        return $this->view;
    }
} 

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